Sciatica is a condition characterized by pain that radiates along the path of the sciatic nerve, extending from the lower back through the hips, buttocks, and down each leg. It typically occurs when the sciatic nerve becomes compressed or irritated, leading to discomfort, numbness, tingling sensations, or weakness in the affected leg. Sciatica can arise from various factors such as a herniated disc, spinal stenosis, or muscle imbalances, and understanding its underlying causes and symptoms is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment.